Vehicle fires can be caused by many different factors. Once they occur, they can threaten the lives of both the driver and others nearby within seconds. That is why prevention is so important.
In this article, we will explain the most common causes of vehicle fires, identify the warning signs that may lead to an accident, and share how to maintain and inspect your vehicle before driving. We will also explain what to do if you encounter a vehicle fire, helping you make the right decisions in an emergency to protect yourself and others.
With over six decades of professional fire safety expertise, Cheng Deh Fire Protection shares key safety knowledge to help every driver understand the risks, prevent vehicle fire accidents, and enjoy a safer everyday life.
8 Common Causes of Vehicle Fires
Vehicle fire accidents occur every year. According to statistics from the Freeway Bureau, there have been an average of 125 vehicle fire-related incidents per year in recent years.
The main causes of vehicle fires can generally be divided into two categories: mechanical factors and human factors. While some accidents are unpredictable, vehicles are made up of electrical systems and mechanical components that may wear out or fail over time. However, with regular maintenance and awareness of the following risks, the chances of a vehicle fire can be greatly reduced.
1. Improper Vehicle Operation
Driving should be avoided when under the influence of alcohol, medication, or when your mental or physical condition is poor. Improper operation may lead to a collision, which can then trigger a vehicle fire.
2. Flammable Items Left Inside the Vehicle
As temperatures continue to rise, a vehicle exposed to direct sunlight can quickly become extremely hot inside.
If items such as lighters, power banks, mobile phones, or alcohol-based perfumes are left inside the car, they may overheat and become potential ignition sources, increasing the risk of fire.
3. Fuel or Oil Leaks
If a fuel pipe ruptures, gasoline or engine oil may leak onto the exhaust pipe. Once the ignition temperature is reached, a fire may break out.
If you smell fuel or notice signs of leaking oil, the vehicle should be inspected and repaired as soon as possible.
4. Engine Overheating
If the engine temperature warning light appears on the dashboard, it means the engine may be overheating due to insufficient cooling.
When this happens, pull over to the roadside or shoulder as soon as it is safe to do so and allow the vehicle to cool down.
5. Tire Blowout
If a tire blows out, stop the vehicle safely at the roadside. Do not continue driving, as the damaged tire may generate excessive heat from friction with the road surface and increase the risk of fire.
6. Electrical Overload
Modifying headlights, installing entertainment systems, or adding other electrical equipment may increase the electrical load of the vehicle.
If the electrical system becomes overloaded, wires may heat up and cause an electrical fire.
7. Aging Vehicles
Aging vehicles are one of the most common causes of vehicle fires. Over years of use, wiring, components, and connectors may become loose, worn, or deteriorated. Poor contact can cause overheating or sparks while driving.
For older vehicles, it is especially important to regularly inspect the following parts:
Cooling fans, engine fans, starter motors, belts, and other components help regulate vehicle temperature. If these parts fail, the vehicle may overheat. If you hear unusual noises, have the vehicle inspected immediately.
Loose connectors, damaged insulation, exposed copper wires, or worn electrical insulation should be replaced immediately to prevent electrical failure or fire.
8. Damaged Electric Vehicle Batteries
Compared with gasoline-powered vehicles, electric vehicles generally have a lower probability of catching fire. However, fires may still occur due to battery damage or excessive temperature during charging.
Lithium batteries heat up rapidly. When burning, they can release large amounts of heat as well as toxic metal oxides and gases containing substances such as nickel, copper, and cobalt. In addition, lithium battery fires can continue burning even in low-oxygen conditions, making them more difficult to extinguish.
For this reason, fires involving electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles are often more dangerous and should be treated with extra caution.
What Should You Do If Your Car Catches Fire?
When a vehicle fire occurs, you may only have a few seconds to escape. It is important to act quickly and remember these three key principles:
- Turn off the engine immediately, unlock the doors, and open the windows.
- Use clothing to protect your body and escape from the vehicle as quickly as possible. If necessary, wrap your hand with clothing and break the window to escape.
- Move at least 30 meters away from the vehicle.
If a vehicle fire occurs on a freeway or inside a tunnel, follow the emergency safety guidelines recommended by the Freeway Bureau.
Vehicle Fire on a Freeway
After exiting the vehicle, move to a safe location outside the guardrail on the downstream side of the vehicle. If there is no guardrail, wait for help at a safe location downstream from the disabled vehicle.
To stay alert to oncoming traffic, face the traffic lane while waiting for assistance. Then call the Freeway Bureau’s toll-free 1968 hotline to report the incident and request emergency support.
Vehicle Fire Inside a Tunnel
If a fire occurs inside a tunnel, remember the five key actions: stop, turn off, run, shelter, and call.
- Stop: Pull over to either side of the tunnel as safely as possible.
- Turn Off: Turn off the engine, leave the key inside the vehicle, and do not lock the doors. This allows emergency personnel to move the vehicle if needed.
- Run: Take essential valuables only if it is safe to do so, and evacuate in the direction opposite the fire source.
- Shelter: Enter a pedestrian or vehicle cross-passage tunnel and close the fire door behind you.
- Call: Use the emergency phone to contact the traffic control center.
Vehicle Fires Are Often Caused by Mechanical Problems: Which Warning Lights Should You Watch For?
The dashboard warning lights in your vehicle provide important information about its condition. Warning lights use symbols and colors to help drivers identify problems in time.
In general:
- Red lights indicate danger.
- Yellow lights indicate a fault or malfunction.
- Green lights indicate normal operation.
Although warning light designs may vary slightly by vehicle brand, most follow a similar red, yellow, and green system. Understanding what these lights mean and arranging repairs early can help prevent accidents.
Important Vehicle Warning Lights to Know
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High Engine Temperature Warning Light
This indicates that the engine is overheating. Pull over safely, stop the vehicle, and wait for the engine to cool before continuing.
This indicates low fuel. Refuel as soon as possible.
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Oil Pressure Warning Light
This may indicate insufficient engine oil. Add oil or have the vehicle inspected as soon as possible.
This reminds occupants that the seat belt is not fastened.
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Charging System Warning Light
This indicates a fault in the vehicle’s charging or power generation system. Stop in a safe location and contact a repair shop.
This indicates an issue with the tire pressure monitoring system, often caused by low tire pressure. Check whether the tire has been punctured by a foreign object and visit a tire shop as soon as possible.
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Check Engine Warning Light
This may be related to a loose fuel cap, oxygen sensor failure, catalytic converter issues, spark plug problems, or a damaged mass airflow sensor. The vehicle should be inspected by a professional technician to identify the cause.
Prevent Vehicle Fires Through Proper Maintenance
Understanding the causes of vehicle fires, eliminating potential risk factors, maintaining your vehicle properly, and driving safely can greatly reduce the chance of a vehicle fire.
If a gasoline-powered vehicle catches fire, a vehicle fire extinguisher or nearby fire extinguisher may be used when it is safe to do so. For electric vehicle fires, it is recommended to use a fire blanket designed for electric vehicles as part of the emergency response.